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RFID System Frequency Ranges
There are 4 major frequency ranges that RFID systems operate at. As a rule of thumb, low-frequency systems are distinguished by short reading ranges, slow read speeds, and lower cost. Higher-frequency RFID systems are used where longer read ranges and fast reading speeds are required, such as for vehicle tracking and automated toll collection. Microwave requires the use of active RFID tags.
| Frequency | Range | Tag cost | Applications |
| Low-frequency 125 - 148 KHz |
3 feet | $1+ | Pet and ranch animal identification; car keylocks |
| High-frequency 13.56 MHz |
3 feet | $0.50 | library book identification; clothing identification; smart cards |
| Ultra-high freq 915 MHz |
25 feet | $0.50 | Supply chain tracking: Box, pallet, container, trailer tracking |
| Microwave: 2.45GHz |
100 feet | $25+ | Highway toll collection; vehicle fleet identification |
The following products are currently exempted from RFID compliance:
Category 8. Medical devices and equipment
Category 9. Control and monitoring equipment
National security use and military equipment
Large stationary industrial tools
Certain light bulbs and some batteries
Spare parts for electronic equipment in the market before July 1, 2006.